guix/documentation-manual — Russian @ Fedora Weblate: (use-modules (gnu)) (use-package-modules @dots{}) (use-service-modules @dots{})

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	English	Russian	Actions
	$ guix build --system=armhf-linux hello --check @dots{} @ unsupported-platform /gnu/store/jjn969pijv7hff62025yxpfmc8zy0aq0-hello-2.12.drv aarch64-linux while setting up the build environment: a `aarch64-linux' is required to build `/gnu/store/jjn969pijv7hff62025yxpfmc8zy0aq0-hello-2.12.drv', but I am a `x86_64-linux'@dots{}
	whereas, with the @code{binfmt_misc} mechanism correctly linked with QEMU, one can expect to see:
	$ guix build --system=armhf-linux hello --check /gnu/store/13xz4nghg39wpymivlwghy08yzj97hlj-hello-2.12
	The main advantage of native building compared to cross-compiling, is that more packages are likely to build correctly. However it comes at a price: compilation backed by QEMU is @emph{way slower} than cross-compilation, because every instruction needs to be emulated.
	The availability of substitutes for the architecture targeted by the @code{--system} option can mitigate this problem. An other way to work around it is to install GNU Guix on a machine whose CPU supports the targeted instruction set, and set it up as an offload machine (@pxref{Daemon Offload Setup}).
	system configuration
	Guix System supports a consistent whole-system configuration mechanism. By that we mean that all aspects of the global system configuration---such as the available system services, timezone and locale settings, user accounts---are declared in a single place. Such a @dfn{system configuration} can be @dfn{instantiated}---i.e., effected.	Система Guix поддерживает согласованный механизм конфигурации всей системы. Под этим мы подразумеваем, что все аспекты глобальной конфигурации системы - такие как доступные системные службы, настройки часового пояса и локали, учетные записи пользователей - объявляются в одном месте. Такая @dfn{системная конфигурация} может быть @dfn{инстанцирована} - то есть, реализована.
	One of the advantages of putting all the system configuration under the control of Guix is that it supports transactional system upgrades, and makes it possible to roll back to a previous system instantiation, should something go wrong with the new one (@pxref{Features}). Another advantage is that it makes it easy to replicate the exact same configuration across different machines, or at different points in time, without having to resort to additional administration tools layered on top of the own tools of the system.	Одним из преимуществ передачи всей конфигурации системы под контроль Guix является поддержка транзакционных обновлений системы и возможность отката к предыдущей конфигурации системы, если что-то пойдет не так с новыми (@pxref{Features}). Еще одним преимуществом является то, что она позволяет легко воспроизводить точно такую же конфигурацию на разных машинах или в разные моменты времени, не прибегая к дополнительным инструментам администрирования, наложенным поверх собственных инструментов системы.
	This section describes this mechanism. First we focus on the system administrator's viewpoint---explaining how the system is configured and instantiated. Then we show how this mechanism can be extended, for instance to support new system services.	В данном разделе описывается этот механизм. Сначала мы сосредоточимся на точке зрения системного администратора - объясним, как происходит конфигурирование и инстанцирование системы. Затем мы покажем, как этот механизм может быть расширен, например, для поддержки новых системных сервисов.
	system configuration file	Конфигурирование системы
	configuration file, of the system	конфигурационный файл для каналов
	You're reading this section probably because you have just installed Guix System (@pxref{System Installation}) and would like to know where to go from here. If you're already familiar with GNU/Linux system administration, the way Guix System is configured is very different from what you're used to: you won't install a system service by running @command{guix install}, you won't configure services by modifying files under @file{/etc}, and you won't create user accounts by invoking @command{useradd}; instead, all these aspects are spelled out in a @dfn{system configuration file}.
	The first step with Guix System is thus to write the @dfn{system configuration file}; luckily, system installation already generated one for you and stored it under @file{/etc/config.scm}.
	You can store your system configuration file anywhere you like---it doesn't have to be at @file{/etc/config.scm}. It's a good idea to keep it under version control, for instance in a @uref{https://git-scm.com/book/en/, Git repository}.
	The @emph{entire} configuration of the system---user accounts, system services, timezone, locale settings---is declared in this file, which follows this template:
	(use-modules (gnu)) (use-package-modules @dots{}) (use-service-modules @dots{})	(use-modules (gnu packages guile)) ;for 'guile-json'
	(operating-system (host-name @dots{}) (timezone @dots{}) (locale @dots{}) (bootloader @dots{}) (file-systems @dots{}) (users @dots{}) (packages @dots{}) (services @dots{}))
	This configuration file is in fact a Scheme program; the first lines pull in modules providing variables you might need in the rest of the file---e.g., packages, services, etc. The @code{operating-system} form declares the system configuration as a @dfn{record} with a number of @dfn{fields}. @xref{Using the Configuration System}, to view complete examples and learn what to put in there.
	The second step, once you have this configuration file, is to test it. Of course, you can skip this step if you're feeling lucky---you choose! To do that, pass your configuration file to @command{guix system vm} (no need to be root, you can do that as a regular user):
	guix system vm /etc/config.scm	guix system init /mnt/etc/config.scm /mnt
	This command returns the name of a shell script that starts a virtual machine (VM) running the system @emph{as described in the configuration file}:
	/gnu/store/@dots{}-run-vm.sh
	In this VM, you can log in as @code{root} with no password. That's a good way to check that your configuration file is correct and that it gives the expected result, without touching your system. @xref{Invoking guix system}, for more information.
	When using @command{guix system vm}, aspects tied to your hardware such as file systems and mapped devices are overridden because they cannot be meaningfully tested in the VM@. Other aspects such as static network configuration (@pxref{Networking Setup, @code{static-networking-service-type}}) are @emph{not} overridden but they may not work inside the VM@.
	system instantiation	Установка системы
	reconfiguring the system	Конфигурирование операционной системы.
	The third step, once you're happy with your configuration, is to @dfn{instantiate} it---make this configuration effective on your system. To do that, run:
	upgrading system services	Настройка системных служб.
	system services, upgrading	Авторизация сервера подстановок
	This operation is @dfn{transactional}: either it succeeds and you end up with an upgraded system, or it fails and nothing has changed. Note that it does @emph{not} restart system services that were already running. Thus, to upgrade those services, you have to reboot or to explicitly restart them; for example, to restart the secure shell (SSH) daemon, you would run:
	sudo herd restart sshd	herd start ssh-daemon

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Glossary

English	Russian
package	пакет	guix Glossary
service	сервис	guix Glossary
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type: lisp

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guix-git/doc/guix.texi:16895

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po/doc/guix-manual.ru.po, string 5365