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kern.*
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indexterm:[rsyslog,configuration] The main configuration file for [application]*rsyslog* is `/etc/rsyslog.conf`. Here, you can specify _global directives_, _modules_, and _rules_ that consist of _filter_ and _action_ parts. Also, you can add comments in the form of text following a hash sign (`#`).
rsyslog 的主要配置文件是 /etc/rsyslog.conf 。在这里，您可以指定由 filter 和 action 部分组成的 global directives、modules 和 rules。此外，您可以在井号 (#) 后以文本形式添加注释。
Filters
过滤器
indexterm:[rsyslog,filters] A rule is specified by a *filter* part, which selects a subset of syslog messages, and an *action* part, which specifies what to do with the selected messages. To define a rule in your `/etc/rsyslog.conf` configuration file, define both, a filter and an action, on one line and separate them with one or more spaces or tabs.
indexterm:[rsyslog,filters]规则由 *filter* 部分指定，它选择 syslog 消息的子集，以及用选定的消息做什么的 *action* 部分。要在 `/etc/rsyslog.conf` 配置文件中定义规则，请在一行上定义过滤器和操作，并用一个或多个空格或制表符分隔它们。
[application]*rsyslog* offers various ways to filter syslog messages according to selected properties. The available filtering methods can be divided into *Facility/Priority-based*, *Property-based*, and *Expression-based* filters.
[application]*rsyslog* 提供了多种方法来根据选定的属性过滤 syslog 消息。可用的过滤方法可分为 *Facility/Priority-based*、*Property-based* 和 *Expression-based* 过滤器。
Facility/Priority-based filters
基于设施/优先级的过滤器
The most used and well-known way to filter syslog messages is to use the facility/priority-based filters which filter syslog messages based on two conditions: _facility_ and _priority_ separated by a dot. To create a selector, use the following syntax:
过滤系统日志消息最常用和众所周知的方法是使用基于设施/优先级的过滤器，它根据两个条件过滤系统日志消息：_facility_ 和 _priority_ 用点分隔。要创建选择器，请使用以下语法：
_FACILITY_._PRIORITY_
_FACILITY_._PRIORITY_
where:
其中：
_FACILITY_ specifies the subsystem that produces a specific syslog message. For example, the [command]#mail# subsystem handles all mail-related syslog messages. _FACILITY_ can be represented by one of the following keywords (or by a numerical code): [command]#kern# (0), [command]#user# (1), [command]#mail# (2), [command]#daemon# (3), [command]#auth# (4), [command]#syslog# (5), [command]#lpr# (6), [command]#news# (7), [command]#uucp# (8), [command]#cron# (9), [command]#authpriv# (10), [command]#ftp# (11), [command]#ntp# (12), [command]#logaudit# (13), [command]#logalert# (14), [command]#clock# (15), and [command]#local0# through [command]#local7# (16 - 23).
_FACILITY_ 指定产生特定系统日志消息的子系统。例如，[command]#mail# 子系统处理所有与邮件相关的系统日志消息。_FACILITY_ 可以由以下关键字（或数字代码）之一表示：[command]#kern# (0)、[command]#user# (1)、[command]#mail# (2)、[command ]#daemon# (3), [command]#auth# (4), [command]#syslog# (5), [command]#lpr# (6), [command]#news# (7), [command ]#uucp# (8), [command]#cron# (9), [command]#authpriv# (10), [command]#ftp# (11), [command]#ntp# (12), [command ]#logaudit# (13)、[command]#logalert# (14)、[command]#clock# (15) 和 [command]#local0# 到 [command]#local7# (16 - 23)。
_PRIORITY_ specifies a priority of a syslog message. _PRIORITY_ can be represented by one of the following keywords (or by a number): [command]#debug# (7), [command]#info# (6), [command]#notice# (5), [command]#warning# (4), [command]#err# (3), [command]#crit# (2), [command]#alert# (1), and [command]#emerg# (0).
_PRIORITY_ 指定系统日志消息的优先级。_PRIORITY_ 可以由以下关键字（或数字）之一表示：[command]#debug# (7)、[command]#info# (6)、[command]#notice# (5)、[command] #warning# (4)、[command]#err# (3)、[command]#crit# (2)、[command]#alert# (1) 和 [command]#emerg# (0)。
The aforementioned syntax selects syslog messages with the defined or *higher* priority. By preceding any priority keyword with an equal sign (`=`), you specify that only syslog messages with the specified priority will be selected. All other priorities will be ignored. Conversely, preceding a priority keyword with an exclamation mark (`!`) selects all syslog messages except those with the defined priority.
上述语法选择具有定义或 *更高* 优先级的系统日志消息。通过在任何优先级关键字前面加上等号 (`=`)，您可以指定仅选择具有指定优先级的系统日志消息。所有其他优先级将被忽略。相反，在优先级关键字前面加上感叹号 (`!`) 会选择除具有已定义优先级的消息之外的所有 syslog 消息。
In addition to the keywords specified above, you may also use an asterisk (`*`) to define all facilities or priorities (depending on where you place the asterisk, before or after the comma). Specifying the priority keyword `none` serves for facilities with no given priorities. Both facility and priority conditions are case-insensitive.
除了上面指定的关键字之外，您还可以使用星号 (`*`) 来定义所有设施或优先级（取决于您把星号放在逗号之前或之后）。指定优先级关键字“none”用于没有给定优先级的设施。设施条件和优先级条件都不区分大小写。
To define multiple facilities and priorities, separate them with a comma (`,`). To define multiple selectors on one line, separate them with a semi-colon (`;`). Note that each selector in the selector field is capable of overwriting the preceding ones, which can exclude some priorities from the pattern.
要定义多个设施和优先级，请用逗号 (`,`) 分隔它们。要在一行上定义多个选择器，请用分号 (`;`) 分隔它们。请注意，选择器字段中的每个选择器都能够覆盖前面的选择器，这可以从模式中排除一些优先级。
Facility/Priority-based Filters
设施/基于优先级的过滤器
The following are a few examples of simple facility/priority-based filters that can be specified in `/etc/rsyslog.conf`. To select all kernel syslog messages with any priority, add the following text into the configuration file:
以下是一些简单的基于设施/优先级的过滤器示例，可以在 `/etc/rsyslog.conf` 中指定。要选择具有任何优先级的所有内核系统日志消息，请将以下文本添加到配置文件中：
kern.*
kern.*
To select all mail syslog messages with priority [command]#crit# and higher, use this form:
要选择具有优先级 [command]#crit# 和更高优先级的所有邮件系统日志消息，请使用此表单:
mail.crit
mail.crit
To select all cron syslog messages except those with the [command]#info# or [command]#debug# priority, set the configuration in the following form:
要选择除具有 [command]#info# 或 [command]#debug# 优先级的消息之外的所有 cron syslog 消息，请设置如下配置：
cron.!info,!debug
cron.!info,!debug
Property-based filters
基于优先级的过滤器
Property-based filters let you filter syslog messages by any property, such as `timegenerated` or `syslogtag`. For more information on properties, see xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#brid-properties[Properties]. You can compare each of the specified properties to a particular value using one of the compare-operations listed in xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#table-compare-operations[Property-based compare-operations]. Both property names and compare operations are case-sensitive.
基于属性的过滤器允许您按任何属性过滤系统日志消息，例如 `timegenerated` 或 `syslogtag`。有关属性的详细信息，请参阅：xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#brid-properties[Properties]。您可以使用 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#table-compare-operations[Property-based compare-operations] 中列出的比较操作之一将每个指定属性与特定值进行比较。属性名称和比较操作都区分大小写。
Property-based filter must start with a colon (`:`). To define the filter, use the following syntax:
基于属性的过滤器必须以冒号 (`:`) 开头。要定义过滤器，请使用以下语法：
:pass:quotes[_PROPERTY_], [!]pass:quotes[_COMPARE_OPERATION_], "pass:quotes[_STRING_]"
:pass:quotes[_PROPERTY_], [!]pass:quotes[_COMPARE_OPERATION_], "pass:quotes[_STRING_]"
The _PROPERTY_ attribute specifies the desired property.
_PROPERTY_ 属性指定所需的属性。
The optional exclamation point (`!`) negates the output of the compare-operation. Other Boolean operators are currently not supported in property-based filters.
可选的感叹号 (`!`) 否定比较操作的输出。基于属性的过滤器目前不支持其他布尔运算符。
The _COMPARE_OPERATION_ attribute specifies one of the compare-operations listed in xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#table-compare-operations[Property-based compare-operations].
_COMPARE_OPERATION_ 属性指定参照 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#table-compare-operations[Property-based compare-operations] 中列出的比较操作之一。
The _STRING_ attribute specifies the value that the text provided by the property is compared to. This value must be enclosed in quotation marks. To escape certain character inside the string (for example a quotation mark (`"`)), use the backslash character (`\`).
_STRING_ 属性指定与属性提供的文本进行比较的值。该值必须用引号引起来。要转义字符串中的某些字符（例如引号 (`"`)），请使用反斜杠字符 (`\`)。
Property-based compare-operations
基于优先级的比较操作
|Compare-operation|Description
|`contains`|Checks whether the provided string matches any part of the text provided by the property. To perform case-insensitive comparisons, use `contains_i`.
|`isequal`|Compares the provided string against all of the text provided by the property. These two values must be exactly equal to match.
|`startswith`|Checks whether the provided string is found exactly at the beginning of the text provided by the property. To perform case-insensitive comparisons, use `startswith_i`.
|`regex`|Compares the provided POSIX BRE (Basic Regular Expression) against the text provided by the property.
|`ereregex`|Compares the provided POSIX ERE (Extended Regular Expression) regular expression against the text provided by the property.
|`isempty`|Checks if the property is empty. The value is discarded. This is especially useful when working with normalized data, where some fields may be populated based on normalization result.
|比较操作|描述
|`contains`|检查提供的字符串是否与属性提供的文本的任何部分匹配。要执行不区分大小写的比较，请使用 `contains_i`。
|`isequal`|将提供的字符串与属性提供的所有文本进行比较。这两个值必须完全相等才能匹配。
|`startswith`|检查提供的字符串是否恰好位于属性提供的文本的开头。要执行不区分大小写的比较，请使用 `startswith_i`。
|`regex`|将提供的 POSIX BRE（基本正则表达式）与属性提供的文本进行比较。
|`ereregex`|将提供的 POSIX ERE（扩展正则表达式）正则表达式与属性提供的文本进行比较。
|`isempty`|检查属性是否为空。该值被丢弃。这在处理规范化数据时特别有用，其中某些字段可能会根据规范化结果填充。
Property-based Filters
基于属性的过滤器

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type: delimited block -
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./pages/monitoring-and-automation/Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc:66
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po/zh_Hans/f34/pages/monitoring-and-automation/Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.po, string 24