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English type: delimited block -
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
~]$ [command]#ps ax# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0] _[output truncated]_
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System Monitoring Tools
Outils de Surveillance du Système
indexterm:[system information,gathering]indexterm:[information,about your system] In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
indexterm:[information du système,collecte]indexterm:[information,à propos de votre système] Afin de configurer le système, les administrateurs système ont souvent besoin de déterminer la quantité de mémoire libre, combien d'espace disque est disponible, comment le disque dur est partitionné, ou quels processus sont lancés.
Viewing System Processes
Visualiser les Processus Système
indexterm:[system information,processes]indexterm:[processes]
indexterm:[information système,processus]indexterm:[processus]
Using the ps Command
Utiliser la commande ps
indexterm:[ps] The [command]#ps# command allows you to display information about running processes. It produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what is running when you execute the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the [command]#top# command or the [application]*System Monitor* application instead.
indexterm:[ps] La commande [command]#ps# permet d'afficher des informations sur les processus en cours d'exécution. Elle produit une liste statique qui est une image de quoi est en cours d'exécution quand vous exécuter la commande. Si vous souhaitez une liste mise à jour en continu des processus en cours d'exécution, utilisez la commande [command]#top# ou l'application [application]*Moniteur Système*.
To list all processes that are currently running on the system including processes owned by other users, type the following at a shell prompt:
Pour lister les processus en cours d'exécution, dont les processus appartenant aux autres utilisateurs, tapez dans un shell :
[command]#ps# [option]`ax`
[command]#ps# [option]`ax`
For each listed process, the [command]#ps ax# command displays the process ID (`PID`), the terminal that is associated with it (`TTY`), the current status (`STAT`), the cumulated CPU time (`TIME`), and the name of the executable file (`COMMAND`). For example:
Pour chaque processus listé, la commande [command]#ps ax# affiche l'ID de processus (`PID`), le terminal qui lui est associé (`TTY`), le statut courant (`STAT`), le temps cumulé de CPU (`TIME`), et le nom du fichier exécutable (`COMMAND`). Par exemple :
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
To display the owner alongside each process, use the following command:
Pour afficher le propriétaire à côté de chaque processus, utilisez la commande suivante :
[command]#ps# [option]`aux`
[command]#ps# [option]`aux`
Apart from the information provided by the [command]#ps ax# command, [command]#ps aux# displays the effective username of the process owner (`USER`), the percentage of the CPU (`%CPU`) and memory (`%MEM`) usage, the virtual memory size in kilobytes (`VSZ`), the non-swapped physical memory size in kilobytes (`RSS`), and the time or date the process was started. For instance:
 
~]$ [command]#ps aux#
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.3 53128 2988 ? Ss 13:28 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
 
You can also use the [command]#ps# command in a combination with [command]#grep# to see if a particular process is running. For example, to determine if [application]*Emacs* is running, type:
 
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
 
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the *ps*(1) manual page.
 
Using the top Command
 
indexterm:[system information,processes,currently running]indexterm:[top] The [command]#top# command displays a real-time list of processes that are running on the system. It also displays additional information about the system uptime, current CPU and memory usage, or total number of running processes, and allows you to perform actions such as sorting the list or killing a process.
 
To run the [command]#top# command, type the following at a shell prompt:
 
[command]#top#
 
For each listed process, the [command]#top# command displays the process ID (`PID`), the effective username of the process owner (`USER`), the priority (`PR`), the nice value (`NI`), the amount of virtual memory the process uses (`VIRT`), the amount of non-swapped physical memory the process uses (`RES`), the amount of shared memory the process uses (`SHR`), the percentage of the CPU (`%CPU`) and memory (`%MEM`) usage, the cumulated CPU time (`TIME+`), and the name of the executable file (`COMMAND`). For example:
 
~]$ top
top - 19:22:08 up 5:53, 3 users, load average: 1.08, 1.03, 0.82
Tasks: 117 total, 2 running, 115 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 9.3%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 85.1%id, 0.0%wa, 1.7%hi, 0.0%si, 2.6%st
Mem: 761956k total, 617256k used, 144700k free, 24356k buffers
Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
 
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
510 john 20 0 1435m 99m 18m S 9.0 13.3 3:30.52 gnome-shell
32686 root 20 0 156m 27m 3628 R 2.0 3.7 0:48.69 Xorg
2625 john 20 0 488m 27m 14m S 0.3 3.7 0:00.70 emacs
1 root 20 0 53128 2640 1152 S 0.0 0.3 0:02.83 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u:0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.30 watchdog/0
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
11 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 sync_supers
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bdi-default
14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
 
xref:System_Monitoring_Tools.adoc#interactive-top-command[Interactive top commands] contains useful interactive commands that you can use with [command]#top#. For more information, refer to the *top*(1) manual page.
 

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User avatar guillaume

Translation added
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
4 years ago
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941207 String information

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type: delimited block -
Flags
no-wrap
Source string location
pages/monitoring-and-automation/System_Monitoring_Tools.adoc:37
String age
5 years ago
Last updated
a year ago
Source string age
5 years ago
Translation file
po/fr/f31/pages/monitoring-and-automation/System_Monitoring_Tools.po, string 10