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~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
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Email Protocols
Protokol Surel
indexterm:[email,protocols] Today, email is delivered using a client/server architecture. An email message is created using a mail client program. This program then sends the message to a server. The server then forwards the message to the recipient's email server, where the message is then supplied to the recipient's email client.
indexterm:[email,protokol] Hari ini, email dikirim menggunakan arsitektur klien/server. Pesan email dibuat menggunakan program klien email. Program ini kemudian mengirim pesan ke server. Server kemudian meneruskan pesan ke server email penerima, di mana pesan kemudian diberikan ke klien email penerima.
To enable this process, a variety of standard network protocols allow different machines, often running different operating systems and using different email programs, to send and receive email.
Untuk mengaktifkan proses ini, berbagai protokol jaringan standar memungkinkan mesin yang berbeda, sering menjalankan sistem operasi yang berbeda dan menggunakan program email yang berbeda, untuk mengirim dan menerima email.
The following protocols discussed are the most commonly used in the transfer of email.
Protokol berikut yang dibahas adalah yang paling umum digunakan dalam transfer email.
Mail Transport Protocols
Protokol Transportasi Surat
Mail delivery from a client application to the server, and from an originating server to the destination server, is handled by the _Simple Mail Transfer Protocol_ (_SMTP_).
Pengiriman email dari aplikasi klien ke server, dan dari server asal ke server tujuan, ditangani oleh _Simple Mail Transfer Protocol_ (_SMTP_).
====== SMTP indexterm:[email,protocols,SMTP] The primary purpose of SMTP is to transfer email between mail servers. However, it is critical for email clients as well. To send email, the client sends the message to an outgoing mail server, which in turn contacts the destination mail server for delivery. For this reason, it is necessary to specify an SMTP server when configuring an email client.
 
Under {MAJOROS}, a user can configure an SMTP server on the local machine to handle mail delivery. However, it is also possible to configure remote SMTP servers for outgoing mail.
Di bawah {MAJOROS}, pengguna dapat mengonfigurasi server SMTP pada komputer lokal untuk menangani pengiriman email. Namun, dimungkinkan juga untuk mengonfigurasi server SMTP jarak jauh untuk surat keluar.
One important point to make about the SMTP protocol is that it does not require authentication. This allows anyone on the Internet to send email to anyone else or even to large groups of people. It is this characteristic of SMTP that makes junk email or _spam_ possible. Imposing relay restrictions limits random users on the Internet from sending email through your SMTP server, to other servers on the internet. Servers that do not impose such restrictions are called _open relay_ servers.
Satu poin penting yang harus dibuat tentang protokol SMTP adalah bahwa ia tidak memerlukan otentikasi. Ini memungkinkan siapa pun di Internet untuk mengirim email ke orang lain atau bahkan ke sekelompok besar orang. Karakteristik SMTP inilah yang memungkinkan email sampah atau _spam_. Memberlakukan pembatasan relay membatasi pengguna acak di Internet untuk mengirim email melalui server SMTP Anda, ke server lain di internet. Server yang tidak memberlakukan batasan seperti itu disebut server _open relay_.
{MAJOROS} provides the Postfix and Sendmail SMTP programs.
{MAJOROS} menyediakan program SMTP Postfix dan Sendmail.
Mail Access Protocols
Protokol Akses Surat
There are two primary protocols used by email client applications to retrieve email from mail servers: the _Post Office Protocol_ (_POP_) and the _Internet Message Access Protocol_ (_IMAP_).
Ada dua protokol utama yang digunakan oleh aplikasi klien email untuk mengambil email dari server email: _Post Office Protocol_ (_POP_) dan _Internet Message Access Protocol_ (_IMAP_).
====== POP indexterm:[email,protocols,POP] The default POP server under {MAJOROS} is [application]*Dovecot* and is provided by the [package]*dovecot* package.
 
Installing the dovecot package
Memasang paket dovecot
In order to use [application]*Dovecot*, first ensure the [package]*dovecot* package is installed on your system by running, as `root`:
Untuk menggunakan [application]*Dovecot*, pertama-tama pastikan paket [package]*dovecot* dipasang pada sistem Anda dengan menjalankan, sebagai `root`:
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
For more information on installing packages with DNF, see xref:../package-management/DNF.adoc#sec-Installing[Installing Packages].
 
When using a `POP` server, email messages are downloaded by email client applications. By default, most `POP` email clients are automatically configured to delete the message on the email server after it has been successfully transferred, however this setting usually can be changed.
Saat menggunakan server `POP`, pesan email diunduh oleh aplikasi klien email. Secara default, sebagian besar klien email `POP` secara otomatis dikonfigurasi untuk menghapus pesan di server email setelah berhasil ditransfer, namun pengaturan ini biasanya dapat diubah.
`POP` is fully compatible with important Internet messaging standards, such as _Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions_ (_MIME_), which allow for email attachments.
`POP` sepenuhnya kompatibel dengan standar perpesanan Internet penting, seperti _Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions_ (_MIME_), yang memungkinkan lampiran email.
`POP` works best for users who have one system on which to read email. It also works well for users who do not have a persistent connection to the Internet or the network containing the mail server. Unfortunately for those with slow network connections, `POP` requires client programs upon authentication to download the entire content of each message. This can take a long time if any messages have large attachments.
`POP` bekerja paling baik untuk pengguna yang memiliki satu sistem untuk membaca email. Ini juga berfungsi dengan baik untuk pengguna yang tidak memiliki koneksi persisten ke Internet atau jaringan yang berisi server email. Sayangnya bagi mereka yang memiliki koneksi jaringan lambat, `POP` memerlukan program klien setelah otentikasi untuk mengunduh seluruh konten dari setiap pesan. Ini bisa memakan waktu lama jika ada pesan yang memiliki lampiran besar.
The most current version of the standard `POP` protocol is `POP3`.
Versi terbaru dari protokol `POP` standar adalah `POP3`.
There are, however, a variety of lesser-used `POP` protocol variants:
Namun, ada berbagai varian protokol `POP` yang jarang digunakan:
*APOP* — `POP3` with `MD5` authentication. An encoded hash of the user's password is sent from the email client to the server rather than sending an unencrypted password.
*APOP* — `POP3` dengan autentikasi `MD5`. Hash yang dikodekan dari kata sandi pengguna dikirim dari klien email ke server daripada mengirim kata sandi yang tidak terenkripsi.
*KPOP* — `POP3` with Kerberos authentication.
*KPOP* — `POP3` dengan autentikasi Kerberos.
*RPOP* — `POP3` with `RPOP` authentication. This uses a per-user ID, similar to a password, to authenticate POP requests. However, this ID is not encrypted, so `RPOP` is no more secure than standard `POP`.
*RPOP* — `POP3` dengan autentikasi `RPOP`. Ini menggunakan ID per pengguna, mirip dengan kata sandi, untuk mengautentikasi permintaan POP. Namun, ID ini tidak dienkripsi, jadi `RPOP` tidak lebih aman daripada `POP` standar.
For added security, it is possible to use _Secure Socket Layer_ (_SSL_) encryption for client authentication and data transfer sessions. This can be enabled by using the [command]#pop3s# service, or by using the [command]#stunnel# application. For more information on securing email communication, see xref:Mail_Servers.adoc#s2-email-security[Securing Communication].
Untuk keamanan tambahan, dimungkinkan untuk menggunakan enkripsi _Secure Socket Layer_ (_SSL_) untuk autentikasi klien dan sesi transfer data. Ini dapat diaktifkan dengan menggunakan layanan [command]#pop3s#, atau dengan menggunakan aplikasi [command]#stunnel#. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang mengamankan komunikasi email, lihat xref:Mail_Servers.adoc#s2-email-security[Mengamankan Komunikasi].
====== IMAP indexterm:[email,protocols,IMAP] The default `IMAP` server under {MAJOROS} is [application]*Dovecot* and is provided by the [package]*dovecot* package. See xref:Mail_Servers.adoc#s3-email-protocols-pop[POP] for information on how to install [application]*Dovecot*.
 
When using an `IMAP` mail server, email messages remain on the server where users can read or delete them. `IMAP` also allows client applications to create, rename, or delete mail directories on the server to organize and store email.
Saat menggunakan server email `IMAP`, pesan email tetap berada di server tempat pengguna dapat membaca atau menghapusnya. `IMAP` juga memungkinkan aplikasi klien untuk membuat, mengganti nama, atau menghapus direktori email di server untuk mengatur dan menyimpan email.
`IMAP` is particularly useful for users who access their email using multiple machines. The protocol is also convenient for users connecting to the mail server via a slow connection, because only the email header information is downloaded for messages until opened, saving bandwidth. The user also has the ability to delete messages without viewing or downloading them.
`IMAP` sangat berguna bagi pengguna yang mengakses email mereka menggunakan beberapa mesin. Protokol ini juga nyaman bagi pengguna yang terhubung ke server email melalui koneksi yang lambat, karena hanya informasi header email yang diunduh untuk pesan hingga dibuka, menghemat bandwidth. Pengguna juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menghapus pesan tanpa melihat atau mengunduhnya.
For convenience, `IMAP` client applications are capable of caching copies of messages locally, so the user can browse previously read messages when not directly connected to the `IMAP` server.
Untuk kenyamanan, aplikasi klien `IMAP` mampu menyimpan salinan pesan secara lokal, sehingga pengguna dapat menelusuri pesan yang sudah dibaca sebelumnya saat tidak terhubung langsung ke server `IMAP`.
`IMAP`, like `POP`, is fully compatible with important Internet messaging standards, such as MIME, which allow for email attachments.
`IMAP`, seperti `POP`, sepenuhnya kompatibel dengan standar perpesanan Internet penting, seperti MIME, yang memungkinkan lampiran email.

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~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
a year ago
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~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
a year ago
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~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
a year ago
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~]#{nbsp}dnf install dovecot
 
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Source string description
type: delimited block -
Flags
no-wrap
Source string location
./pages/servers/Mail_Servers.adoc:54
String age
a year ago
Last updated
a year ago
Source string age
a year ago
Translation file
po/id/f27/pages/servers/Mail_Servers.po, string 18