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~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
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System Monitoring Tools
시스템 모니터링 도구
indexterm:[system information,gathering]indexterm:[information,about your system] In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.
 
Viewing System Processes
시스템 처리 보기
indexterm:[system information,processes]indexterm:[processes]
indexterm:[시스템 정보, 처리]indexterm:[처리]
Using the ps Command
ps 명령어 사용하기
indexterm:[ps] The [command]#ps# command allows you to display information about running processes. It produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what is running when you execute the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the [command]#top# command or the [application]*System Monitor* application instead.
 
To list all processes that are currently running on the system including processes owned by other users, type the following at a shell prompt:
 
[command]#ps# [option]`ax`
[command]#ps# [option]`ax`
For each listed process, the [command]#ps ax# command displays the process ID (`PID`), the terminal that is associated with it (`TTY`), the current status (`STAT`), the cumulated CPU time (`TIME`), and the name of the executable file (`COMMAND`). For example:
 
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
~]$ [command]#ps ax#
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
_[잘린 출력]_
To display the owner alongside each process, use the following command:
개별 프로세스와 함께 소유자를 표시하려면, 다음 명령을 사용하세요:
[command]#ps# [option]`aux`
[command]#ps# [option]`aux`
Apart from the information provided by the [command]#ps ax# command, [command]#ps aux# displays the effective username of the process owner (`USER`), the percentage of the CPU (`%CPU`) and memory (`%MEM`) usage, the virtual memory size in kilobytes (`VSZ`), the non-swapped physical memory size in kilobytes (`RSS`), and the time or date the process was started. For instance:
 
~]$ [command]#ps aux#
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.3 53128 2988 ? Ss 13:28 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0]
_[output truncated]_
~]$ [command]#ps aux#
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.3 53128 2988 ? Ss 13:28 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kworker/u:0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0]
_[잘린 출력]_
You can also use the [command]#ps# command in a combination with [command]#grep# to see if a particular process is running. For example, to determine if [application]*Emacs* is running, type:
 
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the *ps*(1) manual page.
사용 가능한 명령 줄 선택의 전체 목록은, *ps*(1) 설명서 부분을 참고하세요.
Using the top Command
top 명령 사용하기
indexterm:[system information,processes,currently running]indexterm:[top] The [command]#top# command displays a real-time list of processes that are running on the system. It also displays additional information about the system uptime, current CPU and memory usage, or total number of running processes, and allows you to perform actions such as sorting the list or killing a process.
 
To run the [command]#top# command, type the following at a shell prompt:
[command]#top# 명령을 실행하려면, 쉡 입력기에서 다음과 같이 입력하세요:
[command]#top#
[command]#top#
For each listed process, the [command]#top# command displays the process ID (`PID`), the effective username of the process owner (`USER`), the priority (`PR`), the nice value (`NI`), the amount of virtual memory the process uses (`VIRT`), the amount of non-swapped physical memory the process uses (`RES`), the amount of shared memory the process uses (`SHR`), the percentage of the CPU (`%CPU`) and memory (`%MEM`) usage, the cumulated CPU time (`TIME+`), and the name of the executable file (`COMMAND`). For example:
 
~]$ top
top - 19:22:08 up 5:53, 3 users, load average: 1.08, 1.03, 0.82
Tasks: 117 total, 2 running, 115 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 9.3%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 85.1%id, 0.0%wa, 1.7%hi, 0.0%si, 2.6%st
Mem: 761956k total, 617256k used, 144700k free, 24356k buffers
Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
~]$ top
top - 19:22:08 up 5:53, 3 users, load average: 1.08, 1.03, 0.82
Tasks: 117 total, 2 running, 115 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 9.3%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 85.1%id, 0.0%wa, 1.7%hi, 0.0%si, 2.6%st
Mem: 761956k total, 617256k used, 144700k free, 24356k buffers
Swap: 1540092k total, 55780k used, 1484312k free, 256408k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
510 john 20 0 1435m 99m 18m S 9.0 13.3 3:30.52 gnome-shell
32686 root 20 0 156m 27m 3628 R 2.0 3.7 0:48.69 Xorg
2625 john 20 0 488m 27m 14m S 0.3 3.7 0:00.70 emacs
1 root 20 0 53128 2640 1152 S 0.0 0.3 0:02.83 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u:0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.30 watchdog/0
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
11 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 sync_supers
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bdi-default
14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
510 john 20 0 1435m 99m 18m S 9.0 13.3 3:30.52 gnome-shell
32686 root 20 0 156m 27m 3628 R 2.0 3.7 0:48.69 Xorg
2625 john 20 0 488m 27m 14m S 0.3 3.7 0:00.70 emacs
1 root 20 0 53128 2640 1152 S 0.0 0.3 0:02.83 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u:0
6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.30 watchdog/0
8 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
9 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
11 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 sync_supers
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bdi-default
14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
xref:System_Monitoring_Tools.adoc#interactive-top-command[Interactive top commands] contains useful interactive commands that you can use with [command]#top#. For more information, refer to the *top*(1) manual page.
 
Interactive top commands
대화형 top 명령
|Command|Description
|kbd:[Enter], kbd:[Space]|Immediately refreshes the display.
|kbd:[h], kbd:[?]|Displays a help screen.
|kbd:[k]|Kills a process. You are prompted for the process ID and the signal to send to it.
|kbd:[n]|Changes the number of displayed processes. You are prompted to enter the number.
|kbd:[u]|Sorts the list by user.
|kbd:[M]|Sorts the list by memory usage.
|kbd:[P]|Sorts the list by CPU usage.
|kbd:[q]|Terminates the utility and returns to the shell prompt.
|명령|설명
|kbd:[Enter], kbd:[Space]|Immediately refreshes the display.
|kbd:[h], kbd:[?]|Displays a help screen.
|kbd:[k]|Kills a process. You are prompted for the process ID and the signal to send to it.
|kbd:[n]|Changes the number of displayed processes. You are prompted to enter the number.
|kbd:[u]|Sorts the list by user.
|kbd:[M]|Sorts the list by memory usage.
|kbd:[P]|Sorts the list by CPU usage.
|kbd:[q]|Terminates the utility and returns to the shell prompt.
Using the System Monitor Tool
시스템 관리 도구 사용하기
indexterm:[gnome-system-monitor]indexterm:[System Monitor] The `Processes` tab of the [application]*System Monitor* tool allows you to view, search for, change the priority of, and kill processes from the graphical user interface.
 
To start the [application]*System Monitor* tool, either select menu:Applications[System Tools > `System Monitor`pass:attributes[{blank}]] from the Activities menu, or type [command]#gnome-system-monitor# at a shell prompt. Then click the `Processes` tab to view the list of running processes.
 
System Monitor — Processes
시스템 모니터— 처리

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User avatar None

Suggestion removed during cleanup
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
9 months ago
User avatar simmon

Suggestion accepted
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
9 months ago
User avatar anonymous

Suggestion added
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
a year ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
~]$ [command]#ps ax | grep emacs#
2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
 
a year ago
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type: delimited block -
Flags
no-wrap
Source string location
./pages/monitoring-and-automation/System_Monitoring_Tools.adoc:67
String age
a year ago
Last updated
a year ago
Source string age
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Translation file
po/ko/f27/pages/monitoring-and-automation/System_Monitoring_Tools.po, string 16