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English type: Table
|File|Description
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for the "Diffie-Hellman group exchange" key exchange method, which is critical for constructing a secure transport layer. When keys are exchanged at the beginning of an SSH session, a shared, secret value is created which cannot be determined by either party alone. If the file is not available, fixed groups will be used. Other key exchange methods do not need this file.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|The default SSH client configuration file. Note that it is overridden by `~/.ssh/config` if it exists.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|The configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|The ECDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|The ECDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|The RSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|The RSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|The EdDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|The PAM configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|Configuration file for the `sshd` service.
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After a certain amount of data has been transmitted using a given key and algorithm (the exact amount depends on the SSH implementation, encryption algorithm and configuration), another key exchange occurs, generating another set of hash values and a new shared secret value. Even if an attacker is able to determine the hash and shared secret value, this information is only useful for a limited period of time.
Después de que se han transmitido una cierta cantidad de datos usando la clave y el algoritmo (la cantidad exacta depende de la implementación SSH, el algoritmo de cifrado y la configuración), se procede a otro intercambio, generado otro conjuntos de valores hash y un nuevo secreto compartido. Aunque un atacante sea capaz de determinar el hash y el secreto compartido esta información solo es útil durante un limitado período de tiempo.
Authentication
Autenticación
indexterm:[SSH protocol,authentication] Once the transport layer has constructed a secure tunnel to pass information between the two systems, the server tells the client the different authentication methods supported, such as using a private key-encoded signature or typing a password. The client then tries to authenticate itself to the server using one of these supported methods.
indexterm:[SSH protocol,authentication] Una vez que la capa de transporte ha construido un túnel seguro para pasar la información entre los dos sistemas, el servidor le dice al cliente los diferentes métodos de autenticación soportados, bien usando una clave privada codificada o tecleando una contraseña. En ese momento el cliente intenta autenticarse ante el servidor usando una de estos métodos soportados.
SSH servers and clients can be configured to allow different types of authentication, which gives each side the optimal amount of control. The server can decide which encryption methods it supports based on its security model, and the client can choose the order of authentication methods to attempt from the available options.
Los servidores SSH y los clientes pueden ser configurados para permitir diferentes tipos de autenticación, lo que da a cada parte una cantidad óptima de control. El servidor puede decidir que métodos de cifrado soporta en base a su modelo de seguridad y el cliente puede elegir el orden de los métodos de autenticación entre las opciones disponibles.
Channels
Canales
indexterm:[SSH protocol,layers,channels] After a successful authentication over the SSH transport layer, multiple channels are opened via a technique called _multiplexing_pass:attributes[{blank}]footnote:[A multiplexed connection consists of several signals being sent over a shared, common medium. With SSH, different channels are sent over a common secure connection.]. Each of these channels handles communication for different terminal sessions and for forwarded X11 sessions.
indexterm:[SSH protocol,layers,channels] Después de una autenticación exitosa sobre la capa de transporte SSH, se abren múltiples canales por medio de una técnica llamada _multiplexado_pass:attributes[{blank}]footnote:[Una conexión multiplexada consta de diversas señales que son enviadas sobre un medio común compartido. Con SSH, los diferentes canales se envían sobre una conexión común protegida.]. Cada uno de estos canales manejas la comunicación de diferentes sesiones de terminal y el reenvío de sesiones X11.
Both clients and servers can create a new channel. Each channel is then assigned a different number on each end of the connection. When the client attempts to open a new channel, the clients sends the channel number along with the request. This information is stored by the server and is used to direct communication to that channel. This is done so that different types of sessions do not affect one another and so that when a given session ends, its channel can be closed without disrupting the primary SSH connection.
Tanto los clientes como los servidores pueden crear un nuevo canal. A cada canal se le asigna un número diferente en cada extremo de la conexión. Cuando el cliente intenta abrir un nuevo canal, el cliente envía el número del canal junto con la petición. Esta información es almacenada por el servidor y utilizada para comunicar directamente por ese canal. Esto se hace para que los diferentes tipos de sesión no afecten unas a otras y de este modo cuando una sesión dada termina su canal puede ser cerrado sin interrumpir la conexión SSH principal.
Channels also support _flow-control_, which allows them to send and receive data in an orderly fashion. In this way, data is not sent over the channel until the client receives a message that the channel is open.
Los canales también soportan _control de flujo_, lo que les permite enviar y recibir datos de una manera ordenada. De este modo, los datos no se envían por el canal hasta que el cliente recibe un mensaje de que el canal está abierto.
The client and server negotiate the characteristics of each channel automatically, depending on the type of service the client requests and the way the user is connected to the network. This allows great flexibility in handling different types of remote connections without having to change the basic infrastructure of the protocol.
El cliente y el servidor negocian las características de cada canal automáticamente, dependiendo del tipo de servicio que pida el cliente y la manera en que el usuario está conectado a la red. Esto permite una gran flexibilidad en el manejo de diferentes tipos de conexiones remotas sin tener que cambiar la infraestructura básica del protocolo.
Configuring OpenSSH
Configurando OpenSSH
In order to perform tasks described in this section, you must have superuser privileges. To obtain them, log in as `root` by typing:
Con el objetivo de llevar a cabo las tareas descritas en este sección, usted debe tener privilegios de superusuario. Para obtenerlos, acceda como `root` tecleando:
[command]#su -#
[command]#su -#
Configuration Files
Archivos de Configuración
indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files] There are two different sets of configuration files: those for client programs (that is, [command]#ssh#, [command]#scp#, and [command]#sftp#), and those for the server (the [command]#sshd# daemon). indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files,system-wide configuration files]indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files,user-specific configuration files] System-wide SSH configuration information is stored in the `/etc/ssh/` directory as described in xref:table-ssh-configuration-configs-system[System-wide configuration files]. User-specific SSH configuration information is stored in `~/.ssh/` within the user's home directory as described in xref:table-ssh-configuration-configs-user[User-specific configuration files].
indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files] Hay dos conjuntos diferentes de archivos de configuración: unos para los programas cliente (esto es, [command]#ssh#, [command]#scp# y [command]#sftp#) y otros para el servidor (el demonio [command]#sshd#). indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files,system-wide configuration files]indexterm:[SSH protocol,configuration files,user-specific configuration files] La información de configuración SSH para todo el sistema se almacena en el directorio `/etc/ssh/` como se describe en xref:table-ssh-configuration-configs-system[Archivos de configuración de todo el sistema]. La información de configuración SSH específica del usuario se almacena en `~/.ssh/` dentro del directorio home del usuario como se describe en xref:table-ssh-configuration-configs-user[Archivos de configuración específicos del usuario].
System-wide configuration files
Archivos de configuración de todo el sistema
|File|Description
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for the "Diffie-Hellman group exchange" key exchange method, which is critical for constructing a secure transport layer. When keys are exchanged at the beginning of an SSH session, a shared, secret value is created which cannot be determined by either party alone. If the file is not available, fixed groups will be used. Other key exchange methods do not need this file.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|The default SSH client configuration file. Note that it is overridden by `~/.ssh/config` if it exists.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|The configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|The ECDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|The ECDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|The RSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|The RSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|The EdDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|The PAM configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|Configuration file for the `sshd` service.
|Archivo|Descripción
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contiene los grupos Diffie-Hellman usados para el método de intercambio de claves "`intercambio de grupo Diffie-Hellman`", que son críticos para la construcción de una capa de transporte segura. Cuando se intercambian las claves al comienzo de una sesión SSH se crea un valor secreto, compartido, que no puede ser determinado por ninguna de las partes sola. Si el archivo no está disponible se utilizarán grupos fijos Otros métodos de intercambio de claves no necesitan este fichero.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|El archivo predeterminado de configuración del cliente SSH. Tenga en cuenta que es anulado por `~/.ssh/config` si existe.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|El archivo de configuración para el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|La clave privada ECDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|La clave pública ECDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|La clave privada RSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|La clave pública RSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|La clave privada EdDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|La clave pública EdDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|El archivo de configuración PAM para el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|El archivo de configuración para el servicio `sshd`.
User-specific configuration files
Archivos de configuración específicos del usuario
|File|Description
|`~/.ssh/authorized_keys`|Holds a list of authorized public keys for servers. When the client connects to a server, the server authenticates the client by checking its signed public key stored within this file.
|`~/.ssh/id_ecdsa`|Contains the ECDSA private key of the user.
|`~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub`|The ECDSA public key of the user.
|`~/.ssh/id_rsa`|The RSA private key used by [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`|The RSA public key used by [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_ed25519`|The EdDSA private key used by [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/known_hosts`|Contains host keys of SSH servers accessed by the user. This file is very important for ensuring that the SSH client is connecting to the correct SSH server.
|Archivo|Descripción
|`~/.ssh/authorized_keys`|Contiene una lista de las claves públicas autorizadas para los servidores. Cuando el cliente conecta con un servidor, el servidor autentica al cliente comprobando su clave pública firmada almacenada dentro de este archivo.
|`~/.ssh/id_ecdsa`|Contiene la clave privada ECDSA del usuario.
|`~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub`|La clave pública ECDSA del usuario.
|`~/.ssh/id_rsa`|La clave privada RSA usada por [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`|La clave pública RSA usada por [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_ed25519`|La clave privada EdDSA usada por [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`|La clave pública EdDSA usada por [command]#ssh#.
|`~/.ssh/known_hosts`|Contiene las claves de host de los servidores SSH a los que ha accedido el usuario. Este archivo es muy importante para asegurar que el cliente SSH está conectando con el servidor SSH correcto.
For information concerning various directives that can be used in the SSH configuration files, see the `ssh_config`(5) and `sshd_config`(5) manual pages.
Para información sobre las diversas directivas que se pueden usar en los archivos de configuración SSH vea las páginas de manual `ssh_config`(5) y `sshd_config`(5).
Starting an OpenSSH Server
Iniciando un Servidor OpenSSH
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server]
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server]
Make sure you have relevant packages installed
Asegúrese de tener instalados los paquetes relevantes
To run an OpenSSH server, you must have the [package]*openssh-server* package installed. See xref:package-management/DNF.adoc#sec-Installing[Installing Packages] for more information on how to install new packages in {MAJOROSVER}.
Para correr un servidor OpenSSH debe tener instalado el paquete [package]*openssh-server*. Vea xref:package-management/DNF.adoc#sec-Installing[Instalando Paquete] para más información sobre como instalar nuevos paquetes en {MAJOROSVER}.
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server,starting] To start the [command]#sshd# daemon in the current session, type the following at a shell prompt as `root`:
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server,starting] Para iniciar el demonio [command]#sshd# en la sesión en marcha teclee, como `root`, lo siguiente en el símbolo del sistema:
~]#{nbsp}systemctl start sshd.service
~]#{nbsp}systemctl start sshd.service
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server,stopping] To stop the running [command]#sshd# daemon in the current session, use the following command as `root`:
indexterm:[OpenSSH,server,stopping] Para parar el demonio [command]#sshd# corriendo en la sesión en curso utilice, como `root`, el siguiente comando:
~]#{nbsp}systemctl stop sshd.service
~]#{nbsp}systemctl stop sshd.service
If you want the daemon to start automatically at the boot time, type as `root`:
Si desea que el demonio se inicie automáticamente en el momento del arranque teclee como `root`:
~]#{nbsp}systemctl enable sshd.service
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service'
~]#{nbsp}systemctl enable sshd.service
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service'
See xref:infrastructure-services/Services_and_Daemons.adoc#ch-Services_and_Daemons[Services and Daemons] for more information on how to configure services in {MAJOROS}.
Vea en xref:infrastructure-services/Services_and_Daemons.adoc#ch-Services_and_Daemons[Servicios y Demonios] más información sobre como configurar servicios en {MAJOROS}.
Note that if you reinstall the system, a new set of identification keys will be created. As a result, clients who had connected to the system with any of the OpenSSH tools before the reinstall will see the following message:
Tenga en cuenta que si reinstala el sistema se creará un nuevo conjunto de claves de identificación. Como consecuencia los clientes qu se hubieran conectado al sistema con cualquiera de las herramientas OpenSSH antes de la instalación verán el siguiente mensaje:

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|File|Description
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for the "Diffie-Hellman group exchange" key exchange method, which is critical for constructing a secure transport layer. When keys are exchanged at the beginning of an SSH session, a shared, secret value is created which cannot be determined by either party alone. If the file is not available, fixed groups will be used. Other key exchange methods do not need this file.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|The default SSH client configuration file. Note that it is overridden by `~/.ssh/config` if it exists.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|The configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|The ECDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|The ECDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|The RSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|The RSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|The EdDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|The PAM configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|Configuration file for the `sshd` service.
|Archivo|Descripción
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contiene los grupos Diffie-Hellman usados para el método de intercambio de claves "`intercambio de grupo Diffie-Hellman`", que son críticos para la construcción de una capa de transporte segura. Cuando se intercambian las claves al comienzo de una sesión SSH se crea un valor secreto, compartido, que no puede ser determinado por ninguna de las partes sola. Si el archivo no está disponible se utilizarán grupos fijos Otros métodos de intercambio de claves no necesitan este fichero.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|El archivo predeterminado de configuración del cliente SSH. Tenga en cuenta que es anulado por `~/.ssh/config` si existe.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|El archivo de configuración para el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|La clave privada ECDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|La clave pública ECDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|La clave privada RSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|La clave pública RSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|La clave privada EdDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|La clave pública EdDSA usada por el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|El archivo de configuración PAM para el demonio [command]#sshd#.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|El archivo de configuración para el servicio `sshd`.
a year ago
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String updated in the repository
|File|Description
|`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for the "Diffie-Hellman group exchange" key exchange method, which is critical for constructing a secure transport layer. When keys are exchanged at the beginning of an SSH session, a shared, secret value is created which cannot be determined by either party alone. If the file is not available, fixed groups will be used. Other key exchange methods do not need this file.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|The default SSH client configuration file. Note that it is overridden by `~/.ssh/config` if it exists.
|`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|The configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|The ECDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|The ECDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|The RSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|The RSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|The EdDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|The PAM configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon.
|`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|Configuration file for the `sshd` service.
 
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Other source string: “|File|Description |`/etc/ssh/moduli`|Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for the "`Diffie-Hellman group exchange`" key exchange method, which is critical for constructing a secure transport layer. When keys are exchanged at the beginning of an SSH session, a shared, secret value is created which cannot be determined by either party alone. If the file is not available, fixed groups will be used. Other key exchange methods do not need this file. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_config`|The default SSH client configuration file. Note that it is overridden by `~/.ssh/config` if it exists. |`/etc/ssh/sshd_config`|The configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key`|The ECDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub`|The ECDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key`|The RSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub`|The RSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key`|The EdDSA private key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub`|The EdDSA public key used by the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/pam.d/sshd`|The PAM configuration file for the [command]#sshd# daemon. |`/etc/sysconfig/sshd`|Configuration file for the `sshd` service. ”

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11983440 String information

Source string description
type: Table
Flags
no-wrap
Source string location
./pages/infrastructure-services/OpenSSH.adoc:156
String age
2 years ago
Last updated
a year ago
Source string age
2 years ago
Translation file
po/es/f34/pages/infrastructure-services/OpenSSH.po, string 67