fedora-docs-l10n/fedora-system-administrat/f31/pages/kernel-module-driver-configuration/Working_with_Kernel_Modules — Chinese (Simplified Han script) @ Fedora Weblate: For more information on installing packages with DNF, see xref:package-management/DNF.adoc#sec-Installing[Installing …

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	Working with Kernel Modules
	indexterm:[kernel module,definition]indexterm:[module,kernel module]indexterm:[drivers,kernel module] The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities through the use of dynamically-loaded _kernel modules_. A kernel module can provide:
	a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,
	support for a file system such as `btrfs` or `NFS`.
	Like the kernel itself, modules can take parameters that customize their behavior, though the default parameters work well in most cases. User-space tools can list the modules currently loaded into a running kernel; query all available modules for available parameters and module-specific information; and load or unload (remove) modules dynamically into or from a running kernel. Many of these utilities, which are provided by the [package]kmod package, take module dependencies into account when performing operations so that manual dependency-tracking is rarely necessary.
	On modern systems, kernel modules are automatically loaded by various mechanisms when the conditions call for it. However, there are occasions when it is necessary to load or unload modules manually, such as when one module is preferred over another although either could provide basic functionality, or when a module is misbehaving.
	This chapter explains how to:
	use the user-space [application]kmod utilities to display, query, load and unload kernel modules and their dependencies;
	set module parameters both dynamically on the command line and permanently so that you can customize the behavior of your kernel modules; and,
	load modules at boot time.
	Installing the kmod package
	In order to use the kernel module utilities described in this chapter, first ensure the [package]kmod package is installed on your system by running, as root:
	~]#{nbsp}dnf install kmod
	For more information on installing packages with DNF, see xref:package-management/DNF.adoc#sec-Installing[Installing Packages].
	Listing Currently-Loaded Modules
	indexterm:[kernel module,listing,currently loaded modules]indexterm:[kernel module,utilities,lsmod]indexterm:[lsmod,kernel module] You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by running the [command]#lsmod# command, for example:
	~]$ lsmod Module Size Used by tcp_lp 12663 0 bnep 19704 2 bluetooth 372662 7 bnep rfkill 26536 3 bluetooth fuse 87661 3 ip6t_rpfilter 12546 1 ip6t_REJECT 12939 2 ipt_REJECT 12541 2 xt_conntrack 12760 7 ebtable_nat 12807 0 ebtable_broute 12731 0 bridge 110196 1 ebtable_broute stp 12976 1 bridge llc 14552 2 stp,bridge ebtable_filter 12827 0 ebtables 30913 3 ebtable_broute,ebtable_nat,ebtable_filter ip6table_nat 13015 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 18738 5 nf_defrag_ipv6 34651 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_nat_ipv6 13279 1 ip6table_nat ip6table_mangle 12700 1 ip6table_security 12710 1 ip6table_raw 12683 1 ip6table_filter 12815 1 ip6_tables 27025 5 ip6table_filter,ip6table_mangle,ip6table_security,ip6table_nat,ip6table_raw iptable_nat 13011 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 14862 4 nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_nat_ipv4 13263 1 iptable_nat nf_nat 21798 4 nf_nat_ipv4,nf_nat_ipv6,ip6table_nat,iptable_nat [output truncated]
	Each row of [command]#lsmod# output specifies:
	the name of a kernel module currently loaded in memory;
	the amount of memory it uses; and,
	the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the module you want to unload. For more information, see xref:Working_with_Kernel_Modules.adoc#sec-Unloading_a_Module[Unloading a Module].
	indexterm:[kernel module,files,/proc/modules] Finally, note that [command]#lsmod# output is less verbose and considerably easier to read than the content of the `/proc/modules` pseudo-file.
	Displaying Information About a Module
	indexterm:[kernel module,listing,module information]indexterm:[kernel module,utilities,modinfo]indexterm:[modinfo,kernel module] You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the [command]#modinfo{nbsp}pass:attributes[{blank}]_module_name_pass:attributes[{blank}]# command.
	Module names do not end in .ko
	When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the [application]kmod utilities, do not append a `.ko` extension to the end of the name. Kernel module names do not have extensions; their corresponding files do.
	Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod
	To display information about the `e1000e` module, which is the Intel PRO/1000 network driver, run:
	~]# modinfo e1000e filename: /lib/modules/3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000e/e1000e.ko version: 2.3.2-k license: GPL description: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver author: Intel Corporation, <linux.nics@intel.com> srcversion: 2FBED3F5E2EF40112284D95 alias: pci:v00008086d00001503svsdbcsci* alias: pci:v00008086d00001502svsdbcsci* [some alias lines omitted] alias: pci:v00008086d0000105Esvsdbcsci* depends: ptp intree: Y vermagic: 3.17.4-302.fc21.x86_64 SMP mod_unload signer: Fedora kernel signing key sig_key: 1F:C9:E6:8F:74:19:55:63:48:FD:EE:2F:DE:B7:FF:9D:A6:33:7B:BF sig_hashalgo: sha256 parm: debug:Debug level (0=none,...,16=all) (int) parm: copybreak:Maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on receive (uint) parm: TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int) parm: TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int) parm: RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int) parm: RxAbsIntDelay:Receive Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int) parm: InterruptThrottleRate:Interrupt Throttling Rate (array of int) parm: IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int) parm: SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int) parm: KumeranLockLoss:Enable Kumeran lock loss workaround (array of int) parm: WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int) parm: CrcStripping:Enable CRC Stripping, disable if your BMC needs the CRC (array of int)

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