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f39/pages/monitoring-and-automation/System_Monitoring_Tools

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	English	French	Actions
	System Monitoring Tools	Outils de Surveillance du Système
	indexterm:[system information,gathering]indexterm:[information,about your system] In order to configure the system, system administrators often need to determine the amount of free memory, how much free disk space is available, how the hard drive is partitioned, or what processes are running.	indexterm:[information du système,collecte]indexterm:[information,à propos de votre système] Afin de configurer le système, les administrateurs système ont souvent besoin de déterminer la quantité de mémoire libre, combien d'espace disque est disponible, comment le disque dur est partitionné, ou quels processus sont lancés.
	Viewing System Processes	Visualiser les Processus Système
	indexterm:[system information,processes]indexterm:[processes]	indexterm:[information système,processus]indexterm:[processus]
	Using the ps Command	Utiliser la commande ps
	indexterm:[ps] The [command]#ps# command allows you to display information about running processes. It produces a static list, that is, a snapshot of what is running when you execute the command. If you want a constantly updated list of running processes, use the [command]#top# command or the [application]System Monitor application instead.	indexterm:[ps] La commande [command]#ps# permet d'afficher des informations sur les processus en cours d'exécution. Elle produit une liste statique qui est une image de quoi est en cours d'exécution quand vous exécuter la commande. Si vous souhaitez une liste mise à jour en continu des processus en cours d'exécution, utilisez la commande [command]#top# ou l'application [application]Moniteur Système.
	To list all processes that are currently running on the system including processes owned by other users, type the following at a shell prompt:	Pour lister tous les processus qui sont en cours d'exécution par le système incluant les processus détenus par d'autres utilisateurs, tapez ce qui suit dans un invite de commande :
	[command]#ps# [option]`ax`	[command]#ps# [option]`ax`
	For each listed process, the [command]#ps ax# command displays the process ID (`PID`), the terminal that is associated with it (`TTY`), the current status (`STAT`), the cumulated CPU time (`TIME`), and the name of the executable file (`COMMAND`). For example:	Pour chaque processus listé, la commande [command]#ps ax# affiche l'ID de processus (`PID`), le terminal qui lui est associé (`TTY`), le statut courant (`STAT`), le temps cumulé de CPU (`TIME`), et le nom du fichier exécutable (`COMMAND`). Par exemple :
	~]$ [command]#ps ax# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0] _[output truncated]_	~]$ [command]#ps ax# PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? Ss 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20 2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] 5 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u:0] 6 ? S 0:00 [migration/0] _[output truncated]_
	To display the owner alongside each process, use the following command:	Pour afficher le propriétaire à côté de chaque processus, utiliser la commande suivante :
	[command]#ps# [option]`aux`	[command]#ps# [option]`aux`
	Apart from the information provided by the [command]#ps ax# command, [command]#ps aux# displays the effective username of the process owner (`USER`), the percentage of the CPU (`%CPU`) and memory (`%MEM`) usage, the virtual memory size in kilobytes (`VSZ`), the non-swapped physical memory size in kilobytes (`RSS`), and the time or date the process was started. For instance:
	~]$ [command]#ps aux# USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.3 53128 2988 ? Ss 13:28 0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 20 root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [kworker/u:0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:28 0:00 [migration/0] _[output truncated]_
	You can also use the [command]#ps# command in a combination with [command]#grep# to see if a particular process is running. For example, to determine if [application]Emacs is running, type:
	~]$ [command]#ps ax \| grep emacs# 2625 ? Sl 0:00 emacs
	For a complete list of available command line options, refer to the ps(1) manual page.

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