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~]${nbsp}pass:attributes[{blank}][command]#chronyc tracking#
Reference ID : 1.2.3.4 (a.b.c)
Stratum : 3
Ref time (UTC) : Fri Feb 3 15:00:29 2012
System time : 0.000001501 seconds slow of NTP time
Last offset : -0.000001632 seconds
RMS offset : 0.000002360 seconds
Frequency : 331.898 ppm fast
Residual freq : 0.004 ppm
Skew : 0.154 ppm
Root delay : 0.373169 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.024780 seconds
Update interval : 64.2 seconds
Leap status : Normal
The fields are as follows:
Reference ID
This is the reference ID and name (or `IP` address) if available, of the server to which the computer is currently synchronized. If this is `127.127.1.1` it means the computer is not synchronized to any external source and that you have the "local" mode operating (via the local command in [application]*chronyc*, or the [command]#local# directive in the `/etc/chrony.conf` file (see section [command]#local#)).
Stratum
The stratum indicates how many hops away from a computer with an attached reference clock we are. Such a computer is a stratum-1 computer, so the computer in the example is two hops away (that is to say, a.b.c is a stratum-2 and is synchronized from a stratum-1).
Ref time
This is the time (UTC) at which the last measurement from the reference source was processed.
System time
In normal operation, `chronyd` never steps the system clock, because any jump in the timescale can have adverse consequences for certain application programs. Instead, any error in the system clock is corrected by slightly speeding up or slowing down the system clock until the error has been removed, and then returning to the system clock’s normal speed. A consequence of this is that there will be a period when the system clock (as read by other programs using the `gettimeofday()` system call, or by the date command in the shell) will be different from `chronyd`pass:attributes[{blank}]'s estimate of the current true time (which it reports to `NTP` clients when it is operating in server mode). The value reported on this line is the difference due to this effect.
Last offset
This is the estimated local offset on the last clock update.
RMS offset
This is a long-term average of the offset value.
Frequency
The "frequency" is the rate by which the system’s clock would be wrong if `chronyd` was not correcting it. It is expressed in ppm (parts per million). For example, a value of 1ppm would mean that when the system’s clock thinks it has advanced 1 second, it has actually advanced by 1.000001 seconds relative to true time.
Residual freq
This shows the "residual frequency" for the currently selected reference source. This reflects any difference between what the measurements from the reference source indicate the frequency should be and the frequency currently being used.
The reason this is not always zero is that a smoothing procedure is applied to the frequency. Each time a measurement from the reference source is obtained and a new residual frequency computed, the estimated accuracy of this residual is compared with the estimated accuracy (see [option]`skew` next) of the existing frequency value. A weighted average is computed for the new frequency, with weights depending on these accuracies. If the measurements from the reference source follow a consistent trend, the residual will be driven to zero over time.
Skew
This is the estimated error bound on the frequency.
Root delay
This is the total of the network path delays to the stratum-1 computer from which the computer is ultimately synchronized.
In certain extreme situations, this value can be negative. (This can arise in a symmetric peer arrangement where the computers’ frequencies are not tracking each other and the network delay is very short relative to the turn-around time at each computer.)
Root dispersion
This is the total dispersion accumulated through all the computers back to the stratum-1 computer from which the computer is ultimately synchronized. Dispersion is due to system clock resolution, statistical measurement variations etc.
Leap status
This is the leap status, which can be Normal, Insert second, Delete second or Not synchronized.
Checking chrony Sources
The sources command displays information about the current time sources that `chronyd` is accessing.
The optional argument -v can be specified, meaning verbose. In this case, extra caption lines are shown as a reminder of the meanings of the columns.

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The "frequency" is the rate by which the system’s clock would be wrong if `chronyd` was not correcting it. It is expressed in ppm (parts per million). For example, a value of 1ppm would mean that when the system’s clock thinks it has advanced 1 second, it has actually advanced by 1.000001 seconds relative to true time.
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type: Plain text
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Source string location
./pages/servers/Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.adoc:414
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Translation file
pot/f32/pages/servers/Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite.pot, string 173